2022-02-08 09:40:46来源:青宁盟之声阅读:215次
中国儿童色觉类型和近视发生发展的5年随访研究结果:安阳儿童眼病研究
Association Between Color Vision Deficiency and Myopia in Chinese Children Over a Five-Year Period
中国儿童色觉类型和近视发生发展的5年随访研究结果:安阳儿童眼病研究
Investigative Ophthalmology &Visual Science IF=4.79
Jiahe Gan, Shi-Ming Li, David A. Atchison, Meng-Tian Kang, Shifei Wei, Xi He,Weiling Bai, He Li, Yuting Kang, Zhining Cai, Lei Li, Zi-Bing Jin, and Ningli Wang
文章亮点:
“安阳儿童眼病研究”是我国第一个基于自然人群的儿童近视队列,自 2011 年起对近3000名小学生进行每年随访、持续6年,获得了儿童近视、色觉异常、斜弱视的患病情况、动态发病率和危险因素,获得了环境因素如近距离工作、户外时等以及基因数据。本文首次通过队列研究明确了我国学龄儿童近视进展和色觉情况的相关关系,并首次明确红绿色觉异常儿童与色觉正常儿童相比其近视发病率较低、近视进展较慢,支持色觉在近视的发生发展中具有重要作用。
Abstract 摘要
目的:在5年的随访研究中,探讨中国小学生儿童色觉异常与屈光度进展及眼轴增长之间的关系。
PURPOSE. To explore the relationship of color vision deficiency with myopia progression and axial elongation in Chinese primary school children during a five-year cohort study.
方法:对从中国中部安阳市地区随机抽取11所小学的2849名一年级学生进行了为期5年的每年随访,纳入学生接受全面的眼科检查,包括睫状肌麻痹下的电脑验光、眼部生物学参数测量和色觉检查,其中色觉检查使用假同色检查法和城市大学色觉测试。
METHODS. A total of 2849 grade 1 students (aged 7.1 years) from 11 primary schools were enrolled and followed up for five years. Cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length were measured annually. Color vision testing was performed using Ishihara’s test and the City University color vision test.
结果:中国小学生色觉异常患病率为1.68%,其中男孩色觉异常患病率为2.81%,女孩色觉异常患病率为0.16%。经过5年随访,色觉异常组近视累计发病率为35.4%(17/48),低于色觉正常组的56.7%(1017/1794)。与此同时,色觉异常组近视进展(−1.81 D)较色觉正常组 (−2.41 D) 慢。 (P = 0.002)。
RESULTS. The prevalence of color vision deficiency was 1.68%, with 2.81% in boys and 0.16% in girls. Color-deficient cases consisted of 91.6% deutan and 8.3% protan. Over the five years, the cumulative incidence of myopia was 35.4% (17/48) in the color-vision deficiency group, which was lower than the 56.7% (1017/1794) in the color normal group (P = 0.004). Over the five-year study period, the change in spherical equivalent refraction in the color vision–deficiency group (−1.81 D) was also significantly lower than that in the color normal group (−2.41 D) (P = 0.002).
结论:五年随访研究发现我国色觉异常儿童与色觉正常儿童相比其近视发病率较低、近视进展较慢;说明色觉异常儿童对近视相对不易感。
CONCLUSIONS. The lower incidence and slower progression of myopia in children with color-vision deficiency over the five-year follow-up period suggest that color-deficient individuals are less susceptible to myopia onset and development.
Keywords: color vision, myopia, color vision deficiency, children
introduction 前言
既往研究已证实环境光的光谱成分在眼球生长发育及正视化的过程中具有至关重要的作用,但具体机制不明,且在不同物种之间结果不一致。自然光是由不同波长的光线组成的。即使暴露在相同的光照条件下,色觉正常和色觉异常人群由于视锥细胞之间存在差异,从而导致光线感知的差异。越来越多的文献表明正视化对颜色线索非常敏感,因此推测色觉正常人群和色觉异常人群的屈光发育状态存在差异。既往横断面研究对色觉与近视之间的关系结论不一致,因此我们通过5年的大样本队列研究来探索色觉是否可以预测屈光度以及眼轴长度的进展。
Results 结果
表1:基线时小学1年级色觉正常及色觉异常儿童的人口统计学和眼部生物学参数情况,相比于色觉正常儿童,色觉异常儿童中男孩比例更高,两组儿童的屈光度、眼轴、父母近视个数、户外活动时间及近距离工作时间均无差异。
表2:5年随访结束时,相较于色觉异常组,色觉正常组的屈光度更向近视漂移,眼轴更长,新发近视患病率更高。
表3:基线及5年随访结束时,色觉正常组和色觉异常组中男孩的眼部生物学参数。基线时,色觉异常组男孩比色觉正常组眼轴短;5年随访结束时,色觉异常组男孩的屈光度进展及眼轴增长量均小于色觉正常组,新发近视患病率低于色觉正常组。
表4:小学第1次-第5次随访时每年色觉正常组及色觉异常组的屈光度进展量,第4次和第5次随访时,色觉正常组屈光度进展量明显高于色觉异常组。
补充表1:中国及世界各地儿童的色觉异常患病率
补充表2:屈光度进展及眼轴增长量的线性混合模型
图1:色觉正常组及色觉异常组的5年新发近视发病率及原始近视率。基线时两组原始近视率无差异,但5年随访结束时,色觉正常组5年近视新发发病率明显高于色觉异常组(51.4% vs. 34.8%)。
图2:色觉正常组及色觉异常组的屈光度进展量,第4次和第5次随访时,色觉正常组屈光度进展量明显高于色觉异常组。
In summary, this prospective cohort study found that children with color vision deficiencies had a lower incidence of myopia, slower myopic progression, and less axial elongation than children with normal color vision. These findings suggest that individuals with CVD are less susceptible to myopia onset and progression, and this may be related to altered cone ratios or cone contrast. More studies should be conducted to further investigate the relationship of color vision status with myopia progression and axial elongation in different racial populations.
这项前瞻性队列研究发现,与色觉正常儿童相比,色觉异常儿童近视发病率较低(35.4% vs. 56.7%)、近视进展较慢(-1.81 D vs. -2.41 D)。这些发现说明,色觉异常儿童对近视相对不易感,这可能与视锥细胞相对比例失调或相对敏感性差异有关。
原文链接:
https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.63.2.2