2023-09-14 10:44:32来源:医脉通阅读:6次
胃癌是消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,据世界卫生组织统计,2020年胃癌分别居全球癌症发病率和死亡率的第五位和第四位,在我国,胃癌发病率和死亡率分列所有恶性肿瘤的第四位和第三位¹。我国胃癌患者确诊时多为晚期(II-IV期),约占85%,早期(I期)仅占15.2%²,而晚期胃癌患者的五年总生存率仍不足50%³,其中IV期胃癌仅为9.1%⁴。但早期胃癌患者行根治性手术切除术后五年OS率超过 90%⁵,因此手术切除是实现胃癌根治和获得长期生存的重要手段。然而约有2/3的患者在确诊时为不可切除的胃癌⁶,因此,为该类患者争取根治性手术机会对提升胃癌总体预后意义重大。近年来,随着医学科技进步,肿瘤治疗不断发展以及创新药物的更迭出新,转化治疗进入大家的视野,旨在通过化疗、靶向药物治疗、免疫治疗等综合治疗手段,使初始不可切除的肿瘤转化为R0可切除,从而延长进展期胃癌患者的生存期和提高其生活质量。
开疆拓土
晚期胃癌转化治疗探索之路
1996年,Bismuth等人⁷报道了结直肠癌肝转移患者通过术前化疗后获得了根治性切除,自此转化治疗的概念也随之引入到晚期不可切除实体瘤的治疗中。1997年,Nakajima等人⁸首先论证了胃癌转化治疗的可行性及有效性。随后,FLOT⁹(
免疫治疗方面,随着免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)发展,使得胃癌转化治疗有了新的思路。ATTRACTION-4研究¹³发现纳武利尤单抗联合SOX或XELOX方案一线治疗晚期胃癌的ORR为57.1%和76.5%。KEYNOTE-811¹⁴ 研究中,帕博利珠单抗联合靶向和化疗治疗HER2阳性晚期胃/食管胃结合部腺癌患者的ORR为74%,显著高于安慰剂组的52%。
在转化治疗中,获得较高ORR,R0切除率/R0转化率的治疗方案是实现成功转化的关键因素,以上临床研究在上述指标上的积极结果均为胃癌转化治疗的探索提供了契机。
天降神兵
信迪利单抗胃癌势如破竹
信迪利单抗是一款我国自主研发的抗PD-1单克隆抗体,其高亲和力和独特的结合位点赋予了它更持久的疗效,同时采用全人源技术,避免了体液免疫反应对治疗效果的中和作用¹⁵,这些卓越的机制使信迪利单抗国内获批五大高发瘤种(非鳞状非小细胞肺癌、鳞状非小细胞肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌)一线治疗适应症。而胃癌ORIENT-16¹⁶研究的横空出世,打破了晚期胃癌传统化疗1年左右的OS,实现了胃癌领域的首次突破,对于PD-L1表达阳性CPS≥5人群,OS长达19.2个月,胃癌全人群OS为15.2个月,ORR为58.2%,刷新了晚期胃癌患者的生存记录,凭借亮眼的数据,2022年6月,信迪利单抗联合化疗方案用于晚期胃癌的一线治疗获得国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)批准,成为唯一获批晚期胃癌全人群适应症的国产PD-1抑制剂,并获得中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)指南推荐。ORIENT-16的成功使研究者注意到了信迪利单抗在晚期胃癌转化治疗方面的巨大潜力。在2021年欧洲肿瘤内科学会(ESMO)上,天津市肿瘤医院梁寒教授牵头的前瞻性、单臂、单中心的II期临床研究CO-STAR¹⁷首次公布了数据,该研究探讨了信迪利单抗联合阿帕替尼和化疗对晚期胃癌患者转化治疗的疗效,初步结果显示,ORR为61.7%,DCR高达97.9%,R0转化率为59.6%,R0切除率96.6%,同时安全性
图1 CO-STAR研究中,ORR,DCR,R0转化率等数据
以上数据证实,信迪利单抗凭借出色的抗肿瘤作用,在不可切除的晚期胃癌患者中表现出显著的转化治疗效果,这一突破性成果对于提升这一特殊患者群体的生存质量和生存期具有深远的意义,也期待未来更多更精彩的研究数据公布,为临床实践带来新选择。
雪中送炭
医保传福音惠及更多患者
2023年1月,信迪利单抗胃癌适应证正式进入国家医保。至此,信迪利单抗成为唯一将五大高发瘤种(非鳞状非小细胞肺癌、鳞状非小细胞肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌)一线治疗均纳入国家医保的PD-1抑制剂,也是首个获CSCO指南推荐且纳入国家医保的晚期胃癌免疫一线治疗药物,医保加持下药价大幅降低,为提升患者生存质量及医疗资源有效利用提供了有力武器。信迪利单抗不仅为患者带来疗效明确、安全、经济可及的优质选择,也为我国胃癌诊疗事业不断进步,《健康中国2030规划纲要》——总体癌症五年生存率提高15%的伟大目标注入了强大推动力。
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