2024-04-28 15:11:12来源:中华医学会器官移植学分会阅读:185次
《中国肾脏移植临床诊疗指南》之17
移植肾切除临床诊疗指南
中华医学会器官移植学分会
一、指南形成方法
表 1 证据质量与推荐强度分级
二、移植肾切除术前的管理
三、移植肾切除手术管理
四、移植肾切除术的围手术期及术后管理
肾切除术后可导致供体特异性抗体(donor-specific antibody,DSA)和非DSA HLA抗体的长期产生,并对再次移植配型机会产生负面影响[65]。移植肾切除后受者免疫抑制治疗考虑以下因素:维持透析后受者免疫抑制治疗的相关风险、再次肾移植排队等待的益处、减量和停药带来的其他临床益处、以及超敏反应的风险。晚期移植肾失功伴有肾病复发者无需采用过度的免疫抑制治疗。对于1年内有再次移植计划的受者,目前主流观点认为应继续服用免疫抑制药[7,66]。Davis等[67]认为,当移植肾失功受者预计在1年内能够进行再次肾移植时,可以维持原免疫抑制方案或将抗代谢药物的使用剂量减半,以降低致敏风险。此外,该调查研究显示,58%的临床医师会对1年内有再次移植计划的受者维持免疫抑制剂使用。对于短期内无再次肾移植计划的移植肾切除受者,通常在恢复透析后的1年内停用免疫抑制药。Gómez-Dos-Santos等[56]认为,对于非早期移植肾失功受者可以首先停用抗代谢类药物,然后在6~8周后停用钙调磷酸酶抑制剂(cal -cineurin inhibitor, CNI)类药物,并开始每月减少2.5 mg糖皮质激素直至停用。常规根据病情选择以下方案:①移植后立即切除移植肾的,如果已经完全切除了所有的供体组织,就不需要持续进行免疫抑制;②移植早期(在最初几天内),即使在24小时内接受肾切除术的受者中也会出现HLA抗体[65],因此应逐步停止免疫抑制治疗方案;③移植晚期可能会保留供体组织,如果计划进行再移植,免疫抑制治疗方案的退出应该是渐进的,其速度与移植失功后返回透析的受者相似;如果不计划再移植,免疫抑制治疗方案可以更快的退出;④如果存在免疫抑制相关的并发症如皮肤癌等,且再次移植预期延迟时,可在移植失败或移植肾切除后停止免疫抑制治疗[5]。
五、小结
执笔作者:韩健乐(郑州市第七人民医院),杨青彦(郑州市第七人民医院),王晓勃(郑州市第七人民医院),周江桥(武汉大学人民医院),周 华(山西省第二人民医院)
通信作者:
王长安(郑州市第七人民医院)
Email:wangchangan1964@163.com
参编作者:杨俊伟(郑州市第七人民医院),杨帅平(郑州市第七人民医院),张靖华(郑州市第七人民医院),梁亚林(郑州市第七人民医院),索敬钧(郑州市第七人民医院),李涛(郑州市第七人民医院),殷正伟(郑州市第七人民医院)
主审专家:薛武军(西安交通大学第一附属医院),周江桥(武汉大学人民医院),周华(山西省第二人民医院),于立新(北京清华长庚医院)
审稿专家(按姓氏笔画排序):门同义(内蒙古医科大学附属医院),付绍杰(南方医科大学南方医院),朱有华(海军军医大学长海医院),李响(中国人民解放军第八医学中心),刘致中(内蒙古包钢医院),陈刚(华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院),张伟杰(华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院),周华(山西省第二人民医院),周佩军(上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院),欧彤文(首都医科大学宣武医院),顾民(南京医科大学第二附属医院),徐健(南方医科大学南方医院),董震(青岛大学附属医院),蔡明(浙江大学医学院附属第二医院)。
利益冲突:所有作者声明无利益冲突
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