2024-07-02 17:17:57来源:中华医学会器官移植学分会阅读:158次
辅助肝移植临床应用指南
中华医学会器官移植学分会
一、辅助肝移植应用的策略
(二)辅助肝移植预防小肝综合征
推荐意见:
推荐意见:
推荐意见:
(三)辅助肝移植治疗NCIMLD
推荐意见:
推荐意见:
(四)异位辅助肝移植与原位辅助性肝移植的应用
推荐意见:
二、原位辅助性肝脏移植的临床要点问题
(一)辅助性肝脏移植治疗急性/亚急性肝功能衰竭的临床要点问题
1、辅助肝移植治疗急性/亚急性肝衰竭的受者选择
推荐意见:
2、辅助肝移植治疗急性/亚急性肝衰竭中的移植物选择
推荐意见:
推荐意见:
11、急性/亚急性肝衰竭患者的辅助肝移植术后,推荐采用超声和/或强化CT监测自体残肝血流、形态和体积变化,采用肝脏功能影像和/或肝脏病理检查明确自体残肝功能或肝脏组织学变化。肝脏功能指标正常,上述检查结果支持自体残肝结构和功能恢复时,推荐逐渐减少免疫抑制剂直至停用。(4级,中推荐)
(二)辅助肝移植预防小肝综合征的临床要点问题
1、 小体积移植物辅助肝移植的受者选择
推荐意见:
12、存在重度肝脏功能衰竭的肝移植等待者,接受小体积移植物辅助肝移植后,肝功能不良的风险明显增加,推荐小体积移植物辅助肝移植仅作为肝移植等待者尚未出现严重肝脏功能衰竭时的一种治疗选择。(4级,强推荐)
13、肝移植等待者中,以门脉高压为主要临床表现的低MELD评分肝硬化患者,接受小体积移植物辅助肝移植可显著降低小肝综合征的风险,推荐将该治疗方式作为这些的患者的一种治疗选择;高MELD评分的肝硬化患者接受该治疗时预后风险增加,建议结合供体肝脏和患者的具体情况,个体化的评估小体积移植物辅助肝移植的风险和获益。(2b级,强推荐)
14、肝移植等待者中,低MELD评分的肝脏原发肿瘤和转移性肿瘤的肝移植等待者,短期内无法获得理想供肝时,接受小体积移植物辅助肝移植可提高生存获益,推荐在此临床背景下实施小体积移植物辅助肝移植。(4级,强推荐)
15、HBV相关肝病患者接受小体积移植物辅助肝移植后,持续服用高耐药基因屏障核苷(酸)类抗HBV药物,可以保护移植肝脏免受HBV感染。推荐小体积移植物辅助肝移植作为满足适用条件的HBV相关肝病患者的一种治疗选择。(4级,强推荐)
2、 小体积移植物辅助肝移植中的移植物选择
推荐意见:
16、实施小体积移植物辅助肝移植时,对于低MELD评分受者,在必要的情况下,可尝试选择体积远低于安全标准的小体积移植物。(4级,弱推荐)
3、 小体积移植物辅助肝移植的手术要点问题
推荐意见:
17、小体积移植物辅助肝移植中,建议根据移植物和受者解剖特点制定详细的手术预案,预见性的调整血管吻合的位置和角度,避免移植后移植物快速生长导致血管扭转和狭窄。(4级,强推荐)
4、小体积移植物辅助肝移植的自体残肝处置
推荐意见:
18、小体积移植物辅助肝移植术后,移植肝生长并符合安全实施残肝切除的移植肝体积要求时,应对术前患有肿瘤相关肝病的患者尽早实施自体残肝切除,建议对术前患有HBV相关肝病的患者择期实施自体残肝切除;其他患者须定期监测自体残肝影像变化,如发现恶变倾向应及时切除。(4级,强推荐)
(三)辅助性肝脏移植治疗NCIMLD的临床要点问题
1、辅助性肝脏移植治疗NCIMLD时的适应证选择
推荐意见:
19、适用肝移植治疗的代谢通路受阻的NCIMLD和分泌蛋白不足的NCIMLD,经评估确认少量正常肝脏组织即可代偿缺陷时,应用长期保留自体和移植肝叶的辅助肝移植可实现肝移植后患者肝功能稳定,推荐其作为这类疾病的一种治疗选择。具体适用的NCIMLD包括但不仅限于:Crigler-Najjar综合征1型、尿素循环障碍、丙酸血症、血友病A、遗传性凝血因子Ⅶ缺乏、补体因子H缺乏症、蛋白C缺乏症等。(4级,弱推荐)
2、辅助性肝脏移植治疗NCIMLD时的供肝选择
推荐意见:
20、一些NCIMLD可被少量正常肝组织或正常肝外组织代偿,建议使用这些NCIMLD肝脏可作为多米诺供肝用于多米诺交叉辅助肝移植。具体疾病包括但不仅限于:枫糖尿症、遗传性高同型半胱氨酸血症、有机酸血症、不伴有肝硬化或肝衰竭的Wilson病、Crigler-Najjar综合征1型、蛋氨酸血症、尿素循环障碍。(4级,弱推荐)
3、辅助性肝脏移植治疗NCIMLD时的外科技术要点
推荐意见:
21、移植物流出道重建应保证充分的肝静脉回流,建议采用适宜的方案和吻合技术保证足够大的流出道开口,避免移植物发生流出道梗阻;第一肝门与第二肝门之间的距离不匹配或存在多支动脉时,建议术前需制定自体血管获取方案、准备尸体来源血管或人工血管材料,保障术中有可供使用的静脉或动脉血管移植物。(2a级证据,B级推荐)
4、辅助性肝脏移植治疗NCIMLD后的随访要点
推荐意见:
22、辅助肝移植治疗NCIMLD后,采用定期移植肝脏病理检查和NCIMLD特征指标监测,可以提高排斥反应等移植肝特异性损伤的诊断率,推荐作为常规监测方法。(2b,强推荐)
23、辅助肝移植治疗NCIMLD后,自体残肝和移植肝的体积和血流存在动态竞争,建议定期超声检查测定两者门静脉血流动力学指标,定期腹部CT或MR检查,联合放射性核素肝胆显像明确两者体积和功能体积的变化。(2b,强推荐)
结语
参考文献
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